Public Personnel - 1044 Words

Assignment 1: Public Personnel Today Abstract Defining the needs of public personnel today, analyzing and explaining critical trends affecting the growth of public personnel today, analyzing and evaluating strategies needed to create a diversified workforce as well as strategies the government must address to sustain union membership and representation among public employees will be outlined in the following pages. Public personnel are the employees of federal, state, local, and nonprofit organizations. Public Personnel Management involves two separate avenues. The two are public personnel and personnel administration. They both include public employees, managers, administrators, taxpayers, politicians and citizens. Introduction†¦show more content†¦Public agencies that don’t value diversity are more likely to experience conflict which includes prejudice and discrimination both of which will harm productivity and morale. Public agencies that do place value in diversity realize that it is long-term and becomes a valuable asset to the agency (Sorum, 2007, p. 1). Four (4) strategies the government must address to sustain union membership and representation among public employees Union membership and representation is often needed when employees are dissatisfied with the conditions of the workplace or negotiation of compensation to bring change through collective bargaining. However dealing with administrators is not always effective; so the need for union representation come into place. The four strategies the government must address to sustain union membership and representation among public employees is: * To introduce creativity methods for public servants and traditional union members to become more organized. * Seek ways to become more productive and cost efficient. * Implement job enrichment programs. * Implement participative management which is a type ofShow MoreRelatedPublic Personnel Administration And Collective Bargaining875 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Personnel Administration and Collective Bargaining. In chapter five, the author retrospectively revises the roots of the various reforms applied to managing human capital in the public sector. Since 1789 there have been three comprehensive periods that divide the progress of personnel practice in the United States. 1- The era of the â€Å"gentlemen† that occurred from 1789 until 1828. This era began with President Washington’s first administration and ended with the appointment of President JacksonRead MorePublic Relations Personnel : Graphic Artists And Designers1267 Words   |  6 Pages Newspapers 01-June-2017 to 31-Aug- 2017 3 months 6 times over a period of 3 months Public relations personnel, Copywriter, Graphic artists and designers †¢ Public relations personnel: These personnel using the right tools and activities, can promote positive attitudes and behaviors towards the business that will help convert interested consumers into customers. †¢ Copywriters: The copywriter writes text or script for an advertisement, based largely on information obtained fromRead MoreRole of Public Health Personnel and Nurses in Disaster Management1956 Words   |  8 Pagesdamages, an ecological disruption and deterioration of health and the health services. Disaster can be manmade or natural disasters such as floods. When disasters like flooding or tornadoes that may be accompanied by floods occur, the public health personnel and public health nurses are normally the first people who respond to the emergency, given that they are the people who understand and know the available resources used in providing first aids to the affected victims. The disaster nurses areRead MoreRole of the Major Public Health Personnel in the Franklin County Disaster1271 Words   |  5 PagesDisaster in Franklin Country Role of the Major Public Health Personnel In the Franklin Country disaster, major public health personnel, including the public health nurse clearly understood their role. Their immediate response was to focus on urgent life and safety issues. The public health department established an Incident Command System (ICS) that was designed to help organize it to respond to emergencies. The ICS provided a common language as well as the standardization necessary for communicatingRead MorePreventing Ptsd And Depression And Reducing Health Care986 Words   |  4 Pagesthat has further lead to other more serious mental and physiological medical issues. 3. MacGregor, A. J., Han, P. P., Dougherty, A. L., Galarneau, M. R. (2012). Effect of Dwell Time on the Mental Health of US Military Personnel With Multiple Combat Tours. American Journal Of Public Health, 102(S1), A55-A59. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300341. Retrieved from EBSCO; key words: improving stress in US military Description: This is an article that compares the amount of dwell time (time spent at home betweenRead MoreEssay about Advocacy for Diverse Clientele1069 Words   |  5 Pagesequipped to treat the veteran for different issues. There are several methods that can be employed when it comes to advocacy and evaluation of policies, programs, and services. In using on method structured interviews of influential people in the public and private sectors are conducted (Blair, 2007). In this method the interviews are head with policy makers which allows insight to where the policy makers are at on the issue, assessment of political outcome, and assessing how well advocacy messagesRead MoreEssay on Should High School Students Join the Military?1449 Words   |  6 Pagesof the fact they are so well trained (Kingsbury). While in basic training and training for MOSs, soldiers will be paid and receive all benefits of active duty personnel. Occupational training may help with financial needs, but the military offers many other benefits to help soldiers with their families. One benefit awarded to personnel is a housing allowance. Each month a soldier is given a housing benefit, which its amount varies depending on various elements. The first big factor is if the individualRead MoreThe Day Of The World War I1370 Words   |  6 Pageshonorary day, Armistice Day, for all military personnel who had died defending the United States of America. Armistice Day was the first national recognition and important step towards the care and honor of those who had served protecting the country. Years later in 1938, Congress passed the 11th of November as a legal holiday; in 1954, the holiday was renamed Veterans Day to include an honoring to all military personnel and committees (â€Å"Office of Public Affairs†). Veterans Day was a highly respectedRead MoreEssay On Family Disorder In Veterans1033 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers. There were several points of data used to compare deployment with marital status history. Also information taken from government systems that contain information about mental and physical health of soldiers returning from deployment, and personnel files containing deployment length and marital and family status. The results of this study revealed that the trauma endured during post-deployment does indeed effect marital relationships. It also drives the importance of seeking help early afterRead MoreHelping Veterans With Mental Disorders1899 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorders. Research suggests that mental health-related stigma significantly decreases the use of mental health services by military personnel and veterans (Dickstein, 2010). Based on the article targeting self-stigma in returning military veterans, researchers Corrigan and Watson have distinguished two forms of stigmatization, which are public stigma and self-stigma. Public stigma entails invalidating and unjustified b eliefs (i.e., prejudices and endorsed stereotypes) about others, whereas self-stigma

Human Organ Shouldn’t Ligalize Free Essays

The sale of organs means that organs are removed from inside the body for the purpose of commercial transactions. Although the sales of human organs have been done since long ago, and there are many claims and proposal to make it legal, a lot of oppositions are against this idea. * Money the purpose Considering the poor status of most donors, one of the primary stated reasons for organ selling is to pay off debt. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Organ Shouldn’t Ligalize or any similar topic only for you Order Now Those who are poorest are frequently seen as more reliable targets for transplant tourists because they are the most in need of money. It is said by the other side that legalizing the organ sale can help people who are in need to continue to survive. But at the same time, it also increases money desire for many poor people. For example, in 2007 a man in UK tried to sell his kidney online for 24,000 pounds in order to pay off his gambling. * Increase crimes and black market Legality of the organ sale would even encourage organ theft through murder and neglect sick individuals for a financial gain. There are many case like beautiful girls or handsome men trying to attract someone and flirting around with them until they agree to go with n end up waking without kidneys. Another example, Few families would turn down the opportunity to receive compensation (ensure financial stability or the dead is the main earner), so they may charge the hospital the same price, or they will turn to black market for higher price. Besides, there might be some criminal who break the promise to pay the donor higher amount for the organ than it was actually paid out or even escape without payment. * Imbalance between the rich and the poor Payment for organ is likely to take unfair advantage of the poor. Even if organ trade is legalized, it is still the third – world wealthy people who can afford the organ for transplantation. And the poor people are still vulnerable and unfortunate because they are the one who always make donation. Moreover, it is injustice to give pure organ to those rich people who usually spending lot of money on drinking, eating, party, and cause the disease by themselves. * Health: The  WHO  first declared organ trade illegal in 1987 *Affect to living donor Although some medical research proved that there are not many effects on the donors with their left organs. However, a question is asked that if it is not so important, why people are born with both organ, for example kidneys or livers. Kidneys or livers do not regenerate as the other human products like blood or sperm. WHO reports has shown that there is decrease in human well being, especially, those who make living on physical labor. 96% of donors regret selling their organs. *Affect to recipient It is risky to introduce trafficking diseased organ to recipients because those donors often comes from the poor population where they don’t live well and receive good health care. There is a possibility of 1:18 to acquire HIV from such transplant. The diseases don’t show up on the screen of the analysis probably because they just start within three weeks before the donor’s death. One more thing is the change of recipients’ body rejecting of organ result from different blood type or genetic make-up. * Ethical concern *Violate human right The state often denies individuals the right to do certain things with their bodies because they may not make good decision for themselves. Furthermore, any procedure which tends to commercialize human organs or to consider them as items of exchange or trade must be considered morally unacceptable, because to use the body as an object is to violate the dignity of the human person. World Health Organization said that the transplantation promotes health but transplantation tourism violates human right. Organs can be bought and sold arbitrarily. *Corruption There is corruption in healthcare system and government and it sometimes turn to organ trafficking. For instance, In India, a patient unaware that his kidney transplant procedure took place and was asked to pay after that. For example, in 2006 China made selling of executed prisoners’ organs and claimed that those prisoners had filed agreement and permission, but still the Chinese officials are suspected of these corrupted activities that the profit might go to them not the donors or their families. * Religion For the religious view, body and soul are one entity and very valuable that cannot be treated as property and make business. Traditionally, Muslim believes that oppose donation from human living and deceased donors because the human body is sacred thing from God so any part of the body must not be separated in life or death. Chinese customs call for people to be buried or cremated with the body complete orginally. One die-hard superstition has it that if an organ is taken from a body after death, the person in question will be reborn with a handicap in that organ in his or her next life. Nowadays, trade in human organs is illegal in all countries except Iran. Before, India and Philippine used to legalize this activity too but it turns out that they ban it later on, and it is clear enough why it couldn’t be practiced. There must be many complicated issues occurred. Solution The solutions have been put forward to both increase the amount of legally available organs and stop the flow of illegal organ trafficking around the world. One policy is â€Å"presumed consent†. (Successful in Brazil, US, several nations of Europe and increase the amount of organs available), patient can choose not to donate by submitting document. Worldwide, the trend has been move toward increased regulation of organ trading internationally. How to cite Human Organ Shouldn’t Ligalize, Essay examples

Audit Function Quality Deter Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Audit Function Quality Deter Management. Answer: Introduction: The auditing process and the big firms in Australia are directed by the provisions of the Corporation Acts, 2001 which is the only Act which is being discussed in the document below. The section 336 of The Corporation Act, 2001 is taken into adherence by the auditors while auditing the company. This act has mentioned all the necessary rules and regulations in the form of Auditing Standards which are needed to be kept in mind while preparing the audit file. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) is the formulation body which makes the Auditing Standards which are to be taken into consideration by the auditors while preparing the report (Manoharan, 2011). ASA 300 and ISA 300 have the same subject or topic being narrated about the planning of the compiled financial audit report which is issued with the accordance to International standards of auditing AUASB. ASA 30 states that an auditor of the financial report should formulate his plan and remember his responsibility while auditing the statement. If an auditor has a well planned and responsible method to perform an audit, then he will be able to complete his work in the most effective and efficient manner. It is the decision of the auditor whether to use the advice and services of an expert or not as an advice may help the auditor to improve the quality of the work. The advice or help of an expert auditor (ASA 600) is also stated in the AUSAB to teach the other auditors that whether they need the help and assistance of an expert auditor while preparing the audit report of a particular firm. It also helps the incompetent auditors to look and learn by seeing the adequacy of the work which is initiated by the expert auditors while preparing audit report of the firm (Lapsley, 2012). An expert is an individual who is said to have sufficient essential skills and understanding after completing his necessary professional qualifications, and who also gives important advice on the matters related or not related to accounting and auditing (Matthew, 2015). If the inexperienced auditor finds that he is not able to fulfil the requirements of the work then he should positively take help and advice from a senior and much-experienced auditor for completing his work in a professional manner. The auditor decides the method or way in which the expert or experienced auditor will be carrying out or helping for the audit process (Livne, 2015). ASA 315 may be helpful for the auditors to evaluate the entity and the environment of the firm which need to be audited. It also helps the auditor to find whether he needs an expert auditor for guidance or not. ASA 315 helps the auditor to analyze the firms environment and thus helping him to identify the inappropriate statements of the firm while auditing. The case of Double ink printers limited is having the same necessity of analyzing and evaluating all the account balances, types of transactions and the conditions of the firm so that the auditor can be advised if he needs the help of an expert auditor in accordance to the ASA 315 (Merchant, 2012). According to ASA 600, an auditor faces no change in his situation of completing the audit process which keeps it unchanged and unaltered no matter if an expert auditors help is taken or not (Kaplan Kaplan, 2011). Even if the auditor of the firm DIPL takes help from an expert or not, he needs to still needed to find out the data and give an opinion on the financial performance and position of the firm. While checking the background of the company Double Ink Private Limited, it was clearly noted from the financial and non-financial data that the firm was moving rapidly towards making an efficient progress by automating the tasks and also making use of the information technology frequently so as to improve the efficiency of the firm and increase its profit. It is duly noted that it is not possible for every auditor to be familiar with the knowledge and the terms of Information Technology system used by the firm in its mechanism that is how the policy is adapted and used, an auditor for understanding the effectiveness and efficiency of the IT process used by the firm should analyze the past experiences of the firm where the methods and the tricks of using the IT technology have been duly noted with the documents containing financial statements which may help the auditor to work in the limits of the way that the expert have advised him to proceed with the accordance of ASA 600 (Hoffeld er, 2012). It was also found that the main source of revenue generation is from the E-book revenue. The information provided about the terms and agreements of the firm DIPL in the E-book should be always verified and assessed in order to ensure that there may not arise any disputes between the companies and different publishers in future. It was also noticed that the firm DIPL was charging an advance annual 12 months storage fees to its clients which makes it necessary for the auditor to check the financial statements of the storage fee billing and any related documents. If a proper judgment of data is needed then it is not possible for a non-IT professional to assess this type of advanced IT system. Therefore the auditor is required to use the help of a person who attains expertise in the IT field and thus also ensures that all the data is assessed and the IT system is analyzed carefully so that the auditor can finalize his reports in an efficient and effective way (Geoffrey et. al , 2016). It should be clearly known that the auditor has the full right to choose that he or she may choose if they need an expert on the judgement of the audit report as even after the analysis of all the documents, the auditor is left with the lone responsibility to choose whether it needs an expert opinion or not. However looking after the gritty situation of the firms IT advancements, it is advised that the auditor must opt for an expert opinion (Niemi Sundgren, 2012). Materiality in terms of financial aspects may be defined as the negligence of any information which may cause a direct material effect on the financial statements of the business. There are various standards of auditing related to the topic of materiality. A thorough analysis should be made in order to understand these standards in the different parts of the question (Gay Simnet, 2015). In auditing, it is important for an auditor to seek for the materiality of the financial statements of the firm as it is not feasible to give every single item of expense, income and asset and liability equal importance. The materiality of the financial statements id distinguished on, the basis of the balances of the accounts and the divisions of the transactions are to be evaluated on the basis of the entity and the financial statements of the business. ASA 315s principle of Identifying and assessing the risks of materials should be taken into consideration for understanding the environment and financial aspects of the firm (Fazal, 2013). Is should be followed so that there may be no state of confusion when there is a need to gain a proper idea of the account balances or the environment of the firm on the basis of the operations in near future while processing the report. ASA 320 issued by AUSAB gives the brief information about the responsibility of an auditor in accordance with th e materiality in the audit of a firm (Roach, 2010). The five factors affecting the materiality in the levels of the audit report of a DIPL firms financial statements are: Categories of transactions, declaration of items and account balances of the financial statements of the company. For the estimation of materiality, the firm DIPL needs to divide its financial statements into different categories of transaction like E-books, irregular expenses, and storage fee according to their level of importance. The level of materiality will also be changed or altered if there is any disposal of an asset or a part of it during the period of auditing. Also if any business combination takes place, it affects the materiality of the business (Fazal, 2013). The percentage of the specified benchmark of the total expenditure or total revenue like profit before tax, gross profit, and net profit will be very helpful in determining the levels of materiality for the auditing process. The auditor decides the percentage on the basis of the professional judgments made on the circumstances of the firm. Qualitative disclosures like the use of the new and advanced IT infrastructure in the business is also a huge regulating factor which influences the materiality levels of the financial statements of the firm (Elder et. al, 2010). The collective impact of small errors should also be noticed as they may not affect the financial position as the whole but may affect it when combined. Some of the general categories of transaction like the inventory in hand, revenue generated from e-books, storage fee revenue and cash balances are very essential to the business of the firm DIPL and hence they should be given utter importance as far as it is concerned with the financial statements of the firm. The materiality of the financial statements also depends on the nature of the transaction and their relation to these transactions. The introduction of the new advanced IT system by the firm during 2017 should be given utter importance as this event caused a huge change in the working of the firm. The background information about the company clears that the firm is heavily dependent on the newly introduced IT system. The company has also decided to invest in new IT system in order to fully computerize its financial activities (Cappelleto, 2010). Hence it has been mentioned in one of the five factors which are influencing the financial statements of the firm. The use of benchmarks of different levels of percentage has been a useful method for finding the materiality levels of a firms financial statement while auditing. Hence several different benchmarks like the total revenue, total expenses, net profit, gross profit and PAT can be used by the firm to determine the materiality level of the income and expenses of the firm for auditing the financial reports of the firm DIPL. Use of 1% to 5% would be helpful according to the level of activities and quality of transactions. The background information about the company clears that the firm is heavily dependent on the newly introduced IT system. The company has also decided to invest in new IT system in order to fully computerize its financial activities. This also states the reason that why the income and expenditures are wholly collected using the It systems of the company (Baldwin, 2010). It is specially provided in the 27th paragraph of ASA 320 about the collective influence of the incorrect statements and small mistakes should be considered while evaluating the materiality of the firms financial statement. The incorrect statements and financial values may not affect the firms financial condition materially but when they are accumulated as a whole it becomes a material change which should be duly noted while the auditing of the firms financial statement. To know about the factors that are traced in part (a) above will have a bearing on the preliminary figure for materiality of DIPL, it is imperative to know the profit and loss of the company. Revenue of Double Ink Printers Limited Amount in AUD Years Details 2015 2016 2017 Revenue 34,212,000.00 37,699,500.00 43,459,500.00 Less: Cost of sales 28,207,500.00 31,620,000.00 36,855,000.00 Gross Profit 6,004,500.00 6,079,500.00 6,604,500.00 Add: Indirect incomes Obsolescence of inventory Allowance reversed 155,588.00 Income from commission 108,000.00 123,000.00 130,500.00 Storage fee for e-books 667,500.00 1,027,500.00 1,417,500.00 (A): Operating income 6,780,000.00 7,230,000.00 8,308,088.00 Less: Indirect Expenses Expenses for advertisement 83,725.00 115,923.00 125,778.00 Audit fees 112,500.00 127,500.00 135,000.00 Bad debts 150,000.00 195,000.00 210,000.00 Depreciation 249,375.00 274,312.00 472,688.00 Expenses on discount allowed 195,000.00 285,000.00 335,500.00 Legal fees expenditures 74,000.00 111,500.00 137,000.00 Exchange loss (foreign) 38,500.00 49,750.00 Rates 98,500.00 106,000.00 113,500.00 Expenditures on repair and maintenance 224,000.00 276,500.00 306,500.00 Salary expenses 1,965,000.00 2,190,000.00 2,445,000.00 Costs of telecommunication 134,750.00 141,478.00 159,785.00 (B): Total Indirect expenses 3,325,350.00 3,872,963.00 4,440,751.00 Profit before interest and taxes (A-B) 3,454,650.00 3,357,037.00 3,867,337.00 Less: Interest 84,379.00 83,663.00 808,038.00 Profit before tax 3,370,271.00 3,273,374.00 3,059,299.00 Less: Income tax 1,011,081.00 982,012.00 87,116.00 Profit after tax 2,359,190.00 2,291,362.00 2,972,183.00 Going by the items projected in the income statement that is the items pertaining to the income and expenditure, all can be tagged as relevant, as well as material in nature because they are used in determining the profit and loss of the company for three regular years. Moreover, all the inclusion of the sub-items contained in the revenue and expenditure that are surpassing 5% of the overall companys revenue will be deemed to be material for the purpose of financial statements audit. However, the auditor needs to have substantive, as well as analytical procedure on every item of income and expenditure hence; nothing can stop the auditor to extend the procedure of audit on every item of financial statements if he considers it necessary to project an opinion on the financial statements. References Baldwin, S. (2010). Doing a content audit or inventory. Pearson Press. Cappelleto, G. (2010) Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia. AFAANZ, Melbourne Elder, J. R., Beasley S. M., and Arens A. A. (2010). Auditing and Assurance Services. Person Education, New Jersey: USA Fazal, H. (2013, May 13). What is Intimidation threat in auditing?.Retrieved from: https://pakaccountants.com/what-is-intimidation-threat-in-auditing/ Gay, G., and Simnet, R. (2015). Auditing and Assurance Services. McGraw Hill Geoffrey D. B.,Joleen K.,K. K.S., and David A. W. (2016). Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors. Accounting Horizons, 30(1), 143-156. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51309 Hoffelder, K. (2012). New Audit Standard Encourages More Talking. Harvard Press. Kaplan, R.S. (2011). Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice. The Accounting Review, 86(2), 367383. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.00000031 Lapsley, I. (2012). Commentary: Financial Accountability Management. Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, 9(3), pp. 291-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00081 Livne, G. (2015, May 12). Threats to Auditor Independence and Possible Remedies. Retrieved from: https://www.financepractitioner.com/auditing-best-practice/threats-to-auditor-independence-and-possible-remedies?full Manoharan, T.N. (2011). Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance. The George Washington University. Matthew, S. E. (2015). Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?. The Accounting Review, 90(2), 495-527. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50871 Merchant, K. A. (2012). Making Management Accounting Research More Useful. Pacific Accounting Review, 24(3), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/01140581211283904 Niemi, L., and Sundgren, S. (2012). Are modified audit opinions related to the availability of credit? Evidence from Finnish SMEs. European Accounting Review, 21(4), 767-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2012.671465 Roach, L. (2010). Auditor Liability: Liability Limitation Agreements. Pearson.

Material Life of the Chinese

Introduction Literal works often reflect various perspective of a society. A person can get an insight into a society by reading such literal pieces. Nonetheless, to understand a certain perspective of a society from literature requires a critical mind to piece together small hints to build a complete component of the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Material Life of the Chinese specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper evaluates the material life of Chinese from novels and stories written during the Qing, Ming, and Yuan era. Celebrations Birthday Chinese people celebrate important occasions in life of their cherished ones with niceties that comprise of fruits, sweetmeats, wine, noodles and silk clothing. It appears that Chinese people used best foods to express their appreciation of their significant others. Food for the Chinese people plays a very significant role of expressing good will. Tea particul arly is a symbol of hospitality as it is a drink that Chinese offer to their visitors in accompaniment of some delicacies (Trans, Chapter 15 298). In addition to use of food as a gesture of goodwill, silver and silk hold a significant position with regard to expression of courtesy for an act of appreciation of ones life. In respond to the birthday presents from Hsi-men Ch’ing, Li P’ing-erh sends â€Å"two maces of silver and a handkerchief of shot silk †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Trans, Chapter 15 299). Wedding Chinese people marked the celebration of important events in a life of a persons or people by feast. During Ning’s wedding to Little Beauty, a feast was held to celebrate the occasion, where his relations were invited to celebrate. The occasion highlighted the significance Chinese people attached to beauty. The attendants of the wedding expressed attraction to the beauty of Little Beauty. Her splendor won the hearts of Ning’s relatives.Advertising Lookin g for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, this scenario reveals the habits of Chinese to use presents to cultivate friendship and trustworthiness through presents (Songling 178). Wine Wine in Chinese civilization denotes a sense of positive relationship between friends, as a friendly aura was often epitomized by wining and dining. The friend of Mr. Lu from a certain village on learning that he was taking a leave to go home invited him for a feast at his home as a gesture of friendship that exists between them. Although Mr. Lu declined the offer, the villager send the feast to him, which he later had with the Lau brothers he met on his course to his home village. Architecture The size and the compartments of a house portrayed the degree of affluence of a person. Li P’ing-erh’s house had a frontage that had a breath of 24 foot and three courtyards in the inside that receded along a vertical axis . The houses of rich Chinese had compartments. Li P’ing-erh’s house comprised of a two-story with windows on the top floor facing the street. A sequence of three rooms situated on either side of a second courtyard that led to a reception hall (Trans and Tod, Chapter 15 299). A passageway was a prominent feature in the homes of affluent Chinese. A third courtyard often contained a kitchen and bedrooms. An open space was included in the architecture of affluent Chinese. Gold and Precious Items Chinese used gold to win favors from strangers. In the story of Ning, after the Little beauty attempts to coax Ning to have sex her fails, she offered him a lump of gold hoping that he will agree to her pleas, which he did not (Songling 170).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Material Life of the Chinese specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leather bag had great significance for Chinese. It was used to keep important possessions. In his encounter with Yan at the temple, Ning learns that Yan kept a magic sword in a leather bag. The sword had very great significance to Yan, which was to fight evil spirits and prevent them from harming him. Later, Yan offers Ning an old leather bag in recognition for the friendship they developed during their short stay in the temple (Songling 174). Giving a person an item that one treasures, such as a leather bag, signified great friendship between two people in the context of peasant Chinese. Paintings are one of the major Chinese articles during these eras. The popular portrays of orchids and plum-blossom. Little Beauty, later, became a skilled painter of the mentioned portrays. These portrays were used as items for presents to give to significant others. Poor Chinese treasured presents in form of beautiful portray. Transportation In Chinese civilization, a popular means of transportation was by boat, horse and sedan chairs. Sedan Chairs Sedan chairs were very useful effects of affluent Chinese. These were chairs with wheels that could be dragged by servants to allow their masters to move from one place to another without dirtying their feet and to escape the rays of the sun. Sedan chairs were pooled by servants while their owners sat in them (Trans, Chapter 14 288). Sedan chair s symbolized prestige and affluence. When rich people interacted between each other, they tend to present themselves in a way to reflect their material possession. Boats Some Chinese owned boats for ferrying people from a town or village upstream to another downstream or vice versa. Such an asset was owned by people who held a high position in the society, such as people who run a business of instructing people on karate or judo.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ning after exhuming the remains of the Little Beauty, he hires a boat to take him with the remains to his home. He pays for the transport with money. Members of families who owned boats often could go on excursion in rivers (Ching-Tzu 112). In addition, people who owned boats employed servants to attend to them on junks when journeying from one town or village to another (Ching-Tzu 111). Some of these boats were used for private purpose while some owners used them for commercial purposes to transport passengers from one village to another. Horse The Chinese domesticated horses for use to send servants on errands, and as means of transporting people from one place to another. Servants employed in affluent homes often used horses to carry out their errands and drive their masters wherever they wish to go. Garden A garden was also an important asset of Chinese. His-men Ch’ing had a big family comprised of five wives, had a garden in his resident (Trans and Tod Chapter 12 224). T he purpose of a garden in Chinese people was for recreation purpose as it gave an aesthetic touch to the setting of homes. A person will retreat to a garden to get solace from the daily worries of the world and pass time. Clothing Chinese were also in the habit of giving clothing to their close friends and relatives. His-men Ch’ing asked Tai-an, upon arrival at the Liu’s apartment, of the outfit they had prepared for Aunt Kuei-chieh (Trans and Tod 226). Flowers and classical clothing had an important implication in the setting. These items signified prestige in the society. Blossoms and brocade in Chinese send out a message of people enjoying life. Often, it characterizes an environment in which people are feasting, and having great time wining and dining. Money Chinese men with plenty of money used to obtain anything they wanted. They used it to have as many concubines as they please. Money gave them power in the society. An affluent individual with plenty of money wa s able to pay other people to work for him. His-men Ch’ing has a personal accountant, who is answerable to him regarding all the bills he and the people he hosts incurs, and those that accrues from his expenditure on regular feasting that His-men Ch’ing funds. People of class in China used money to bail out friends and relatives, who were arrested under the laws of the country. Li P’ing-erh asked His-men Ch’ing to help her use his influence to establish the amount of money she could pay as bribe for the release of her husband, Hua Tzu-hua (Trans and Tod, Chapter 14 277). Treasures The Chinese people also kept precious items in their homes. These items could be used when their money depleted, as a result of mindless spending on pleasures. A man, who had made enough fortune during his life, could pass down this precious to someone he trust among his relations. A woman, such as Li P’ing-erh, could feel insecure to keep four chests of precious items wi th her against her husband’s relations, who had issues with him (Trans and Tod, Chapter 14 †¦ 278). Chinese people kept treasures in lacquer chests which are often decorated in gold tracery. The items that were regarded to be of very high value include python robes, bracelets, pendants, precious jewels, and chatelaines. A person in possession of these items could sell them and obtain money for upkeep or pleasure, when there liquid cash finishes. Conclusion The material life of Chinese is varied as depicted by many items and habits they portray. Essentially, the material life of a Chinese revolved around other people and mainly depended on his or her socioeconomic position. Thus, the material life of a Chinese is a reflection of his background. Rich folks had a complex material life while poor folks had a meager material life. Works Cited Ching-Tzu, Wu. The Scholars. Foreign Language Press Peking , 1973. Print. Songling, Pu. The Magic Sword and the Magic Bag. Cambridge [e ng.] : Proquest LLC, 2011. Trans. Roy, David Tod. â€Å"Chapter 12 Pan Chin-Lien Suffers Ignominy for Adultery with A Servant; Stargazers Liu Purveys Black Magic in Pursuit of Gain†. In The Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. 225-52. Print. Trans, Roy, David Tod. â€Å"Chapter 14 Hua Tzu-Hsu Succumbs To Chagrin and Loses His Life Li Ping-Erh Invites Seduction and Attends A Party.† In The Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei. Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press, 1993. 274-297. Print. Trans, Roy, David Tod. â€Å"Chapter 15 Beauties Enjoy The Sights in the Lantern-Viewing Belvedere Hangers-on Abet Debauchery in the Verdant Spring Bordello.† In The Plum in the Golden Vase, or Chin P’ing Mei. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. 298-315. Print. This essay on Material Life of the Chinese was written and submitted by user Jazmin Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

4 Reasons You Should Take the SAT

4 Reasons You Should Take the SAT As graduation nears, tons of high school students are asking themselves this question: Why should I take the SAT? Many colleges and universities out there dont require the SAT, and theyd rather get into a university that doesnt force them to take even more standardized tests. Thats a great question, and there are some very good reasons for you to just take the SAT, even if you dont want to. Read below to see the benefits you can get from making the choice to sit for the exam. The Universally Accepted Test If youre going to college, you kind of have to take a college entrance exam like the SAT if youre attending a school that requires one (some do not). All major universities in the United States accept the SAT as a college entrance exam; most accept the ACT. Scholarships Scholarships, kids! Yes. Money often follows an impressive SAT score. Check into your college of choices SAT scholarship requirements. Many schools dole out huge bucks for great SAT scores. For instance, St. Louis university has awarded $15,000 merit scholarships for a 1210 on the combined Reading and Math scores. Villanova has given more than $10,000 for a 1310. Your school doesnt offer cash for your score? No worries.  Even if your college or university doesnt offer scholarships for your SAT score, many community organizations and foundations do. Trust me, youll appreciate not having to pay back school loans when youre all grown up if you can get much of your tuition covered with a test, so get out there and  practice for the SAT  until your fingers bleed. Balance a Low GPA So maybe you hated your World History teacher, flunked the class to spite her, and ruined that 4.0. That doesn’t mean you dont have the brain skills to survive college. Scoring high on the SAT can show off your smarts to the college admissions team when your GPA doesn’t. And yes, although admissions committees take a look at you as a whole person, not just at your SAT score, it  is  one of the pieces that makes up the picture of you. You want it to be good.   Your Scores Follow You Around I’m not kidding. When you apply for your first entry-level job, your SAT scores (if theyre good enough) are going to be on your resume, because truthfully, your pizza delivery gig can’t showcase your reasoning ability like a 90th percentile on the SAT can. You wont have a lot of job experience right off the bat. Take the SAT to prove to your first future employer that you have the smarts to be successful at your job, even if intelligence is NOT really one of the things the SAT predicts or measures.   Here are the Top SAT Registration Questions to get you started on your SAT journey. Good luck!

Space Spinoff Technology Works on Earth, Too

Space Spinoff Technology Works on Earth, Too Did you know that the chip in your cell phone is the result of space exploration? Or, that the breast-cancer screening women get was first developed for sensors on space missions? Its true. Innovative technologies that get made for space missions end up being as useful (and sometimes even more useful) on Earth than their inventors first intended. Cutting-edge technology shows up around our planet, in our cities, our homes, and even in our bodies. Not only will it be used in future space exploration missions, such as lunar exploration and asteroid mining, but will find homes on Earth, too. Lets take a look at a few space-age gadgets that are making life better for all of us here on old Terra. Space Tech in Your Hand Take a look at your cell phone. It probably has a camera, which has an image sensor based on CMOS technology that got its start at NASA. CMOS stands for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, and it is used in imaging devices. The space agency has always been interested in capturing images of dim and distant objects in space, and the development of charge-coupled-device ​imagers (we call them CCDs) stems from the need to see planets, stars, and galaxies. They work very well that way, and technologies based on CCDs populate new generations of cameras, including the ones in cell phones. Open Wide, Insert CMOS One of the latest innovations based on the CMOS design is something that will make your next dentist visit a bit easier. Thats because new dental imagers are being built with CMOS-based sensors in them. Think about it: your mouth is a dark, dim environment, and until recently, only x-ray machines could penetrate the teeth and give dentists a look at their condition. The array of pixels in a digital imager based on CMOS designs can deliver excellent visions of teeth, lower a patients exposure to x-rays, and give dentists much better maps of a patients teeth and mouth. What Space Technology Reveals about Your Bones One of the biggest effects that space travel can have on people zeroes in on their bones. Astronauts in long-duration missions have suffered a marked loss of bone density. Thats why we often see pictures of astronauts exercising in space aboard the International Space Station. Its not just to stay in shape, its also to keep bone density from deteriorating. To keep tabs on that bone loss, ground-based MDs, NASA needed equipment that would study bone health in microgravity. A technique called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), done by a device light enough to take to the space station, was the answer. The same technique and equipment will most certainly find its way into medical labs here on Earth for researchers looking into bone deterioration and muscle atrophy. Monitoring Pollution from Vehicles Vehicle CO2Â  (carbon dioxide) emissions are a huge factor in the rise of greenhouse gases in Earths atmosphere. This blanket of gases consists mostly of nitrogen, plus oxygen and carbon dioxide and formed early in Earths infancy. It may have formed more than once, and was affected by (among other things) impacts, volcanism, and the rise of life. While life on our planet depends and exhales this gas, understanding its role in our atmosphere and climate is still under intense study. One mystery: how CO2 gets concentrated in the atmosphere and then dissipates over the course of a year is not well-understood. Instruments in space (such as weather satellites and other sensors) can measure the year-round cycle of CO2 in our atmosphere and three missions are getting ready to launch to do just that. However, theres another use for this technology that can be deployed right here on Earth: measuring vehicle emissions where the vehicles are, rather than requiring them to visit inspection stations each year. A new instrument has been developed that uses lasers to do this work, zeroing in not just on CO2, but also methane, ethane, and nitric acid more accurately and quickly than older, less-efficient methods. Several states in the U.S. have already purchased this technology, and more will jump on board. Saving a New Mothers Life Every year tens of thousands of women around the world (many in developing countries), die from the effects of hemorrhage after giving birth. A new NASA spinoff technology based on a G-suit spacesuit is now being used to help save the lives of new moms threatened by hemorrhages. A team of researchers at NASA Ames modified a G-suit so that it could supply a range of pressures and used it on a woman suffering from postpartum bleeding. This application of a technology used to keep astronauts safe on their journey back to Earth after spending time in space, is a lifesaver for new moms who dont always have access to blood transfusions or medications quickly after giving birth. Since the development of a product called LifeWrap, more than 20 countries have invested in technology based on the same thing that astronauts routinely use as they return home. Clean Drinking Water is a Must Many people on our planet do not have access to clean drinking water. Or, they live in municipalities where the water delivery infrastructure is deteriorating (and local officials have not taken action to fix it, as in Flint, MI). Access to safe, clean water is a human right. Its also something that astronauts in space continually face: having enough water to drink while orbiting several hundred miles above the planet. NASA has created ever-more-efficient ways to recycle water on such places as the International Space Station, and much of the technology relies on filtration. At this time, the agencys astronauts use some of the best filtration tech in the world. Certain fibers used in nanomaterials also make good water filters. NASA has taken advantage of those materials to provide the ISS with good drinking water. And, it turns out that the same filters NASA uses can also be used by people working on the ground: emergency workers, communities in developing countries, backpackers, and others who have a need to filter and use water where they are. The latest filters not only take out many impurities in water, but also remove viruses and bacteria. Eventually, companies selling this technology will supply it to homeowners in remote locations and possibly even to cities where water delivery systems are in need of drastic repair. From Farming to Skiing, Nuclear Energy, to Industrial Productivity Those are just a few of the many, many technologies that space exploration enables for use here on Earth. From technology to strengthen race car bodies, improve a skiers vision, improve flow in nuclear plants, and GPS-enabled driverless tractors, machines and techniques developed for use in space are having an incredibly huge effect on medicine, industry, farming, recreation, consumer goods, and much more. Money spent on space exploration isnt spent up there; it goes for machines and people who work right here on Earth! Â  Want to know more about space spinoffs? Visit NASAs spinoff pages for many more technologies making life easier here on Earth. And, read here for more examples of how space exploration can benefit you.

Change Management and Management Styles Assignment

Change Management and Management Styles - Assignment Example In terms of ethics in research and ensuring that information is accurately conveyed within the publication process, this is an essential aspect of ensuring that all individuals involved feel as if the process has spoken directly to the needs of each and every stakeholder; not necessarily a given group to any larger extent as compared to another. Researchers, scholars, and authors have long understood that the guidelines and procedures with respect to the way in which information is represented allow stakeholders to approach such information from a variety of different standpoints. In such a way, the mechanisms through which understanding can be provided are multiplied; allowing a situation in which an approach to the research or an understanding of available information can be determined from an alternative point of view - perhaps even one that the authors or researcher did not initially intent. Not only does this help with the creation of further bodies of knowledge, it also ensures that ethical standards are met and that stakeholders from varying positions are able to utilize the available information and draw inference upon it. Likewise, in terms of assisting overall credibility, it is without question that the process of ethical consideration and the impact of the way in which information is viewed, and by whom, greatly maximizes the overall level of credibility that any particular publication or scholarship might otherwise achieved. For instance, with respect to the process of writing a university paper, something that is nothing more than practice for the way in which information is revealed and produced in the professional world, the student must be continually aware of the way in which information is represented and the potential for discriminatory bias or other harmful miscomprehensions being present within the publication. Just as college professors are

Life in Discovery Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life in Discovery - Research Proposal Example Rosalind Franklin truly lived a "Life in Discovery;" that is to say that Franklin lived her life to the fullest, with the intent of shaping a better future for all, and with little concern for her personal needs or interests. Money and fame were not her motivation; rather, she is known today "for her dedication and commitment to science and is clearly a role model for students, researchers, faculty and all aspiring scientists throughout the world" (Rosalind Franklin University, 1). Essentially, Franklin worked solely to discovery new things and hoped her discoveries could make a positive impact on the world or lead to great advances in science. I believe this is an important thought that should remain on the minds of all scientists, whichever field they choose to enter. Money appears to be an important motivation factor in much of today's world; however, to live and work under the "Life in Discovery" philosophy would mean to work for a larger purpose than money alone. Living a "Life in Discovery" would entail the embodiment of those things that Rosalind Franklin is most known for today: "dedication, hard work, intelligence and courage" (Rosalind Franklin University 1). Although this philosophy could be taken into consideration with any professional field, I believe this philosophy to be most important within the field of science.

Starbucks Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Marketing Strategy Essay Starbucks developed an advantage over its competitors by engaging in partnerships with stores such as Safeway, Barnes Noble where they open cafes to serve their coffee and sell their products. They improved their brand awareness by licensing its brand name on different food products such as ice cream and bottled Frapuccinos 2. What were the principal drivers behind Starbucks’ success in the marketplace? What does the Starbucks brand mean to consumers? How have the growth opportunities pursued that Starbuck has pursued affected the value of its brand name? One of the drivers behind Starbucks’ success is their store locations. The company only open stores in centralized cities in highly visible regions. Stores are always spacious with room for customers to hang out and drink their coffee. They also have great merchandise items such as coffee beverages, whole bean coffee by the pound, pastries, sandwiches, etc†¦ A big part is Starbucks’ success is their employees. Their baristas are trained to customize each drink and to explain the origin of different coffees. There are treated like partners, and trained to provide the best customer service and to deal with customer complains on the spot. The Starbucks brand means consistency and predictability to consumers. It is a promise to great coffee and great experience. Starbucks’ extensive product line strategy of creating a variety of products beyond just coffee beans was a big growth opportunity, as well as their partnerships that allowed them to expand their brand by selling ready to drink coffee, flavored ice cream and branded coffee now in supermarkets. They also have joint venture agreements in 15 countries. 3. What are the major challenges facing Starbucks as it goes global? Is the brand advantage sustainable going forward? Can Starbucks defend its position against other specialty coffee retailers? Competition is always a challenge when expanding a business overseas, as well as their lack of experience in the international market. Global expansion also means being operated by local partners and therefore making less money. However, I do believe their brand is sustainable. Starbucks is the market pioneer, which gives them major advantage against their competitors. To defend their position, Starbucks should never impose their western preferences in their international markets and continue to adapt their products to the local markets.

Essays --

Beyond the Bible, written by Howard Marshall, is a compilation of essays that seek to propose a biblically sound way to move from biblical text to doctrine and application. Marshall believes that if one is going to move â€Å"beyond the bible,† they must do so â€Å"biblically.† A concern for Marshall is also how to properly apply scripture to controversial matters in the church today. The book includes more than just Marshall’s work, but essays written by Kevin Vanhoozer and Stanley Porter as well, which backs the idea that hermeneutics should be a discussion, not a solo speech. In Marshall’s first essay, ‘Evangelicals and Hermeneutics,’ he summarizes the state of evangelical theology in relation to hermeneutics. Marshall describes how over the past thirty years, evangelical scholars have come to appreciate hermeneutics more than ever before. Evangelical scholars now grasp and explore hermeneutical concerns at all levels of study: general hermeneutics, exegesis, as well as exposition and application. Marshall states that while examining an author’s intent is important, it overlooks the question of sensus plenior, the work’s deeper meaning intended by God, not necessarily by the human author. In Marshall’s second essay, ‘The Development of Doctrine,’ he identifies two approaches to biblical interpretation, conservative and progressive. Marshall witnessed a need for greater clarity in regards to worship practices, principles, and theology due to the varying opinions among evangelical interpreters. Marshall mentions, â€Å"It is especially the duty of evangelical Christians to provide some kind of reasoned, principled approach to the question of the development of doctrine from Scripture† (Marshall 45). Marshall’s third essay, ‘The Search for Bi... ...ques approaches based on the historical-critical method, the speech-act theory, and the approach of Wittgenstein. Porter’s view is that Paul, himself, had his own opinions on Jesus, God, and Christianity overall. Porter suggests using the translation theory when looking to go beyond the bible. He believes one should carefully examine the core of what is being said in scripture, and then translate it into today’s language. Beyond the Bible is full of useful insights regarding how to apply scripture to doctrine and everyday life. Marshall, Vanhoozer, and Porter are all well-educated theologians. How to faithfully apply Scripture to everyday life is not conclusively agreed upon and laid out in this book, but it pushes readers to think about biblical interpretation in new ways. As mentioned earlier, hermeneutics is meant to be an on-going discussion, not a solo speech.

Marketing and Buying Decision

Principles of Marketing Principles of Marketing 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Question 1 3 2. 1 Personality 3 2. 2 Motivation6 2. 3 Conflict6 3. 0 Question 2 8 Bibliography9 1. 0 Introduction The case study I have chosen to cover is â€Å"Breezing out for a night on the tiles†. It discusses the rise of the premium pre-mixed drinks industry between 1995-2000, in particular the Bacardi Breezer brand.It looks at the marketing activity which has taken place and the brand association the marketers aimed to achieve. In this report I will be exploring the buying process involved when purchasing an alcoholic beverage, the influencing factors when making a decision and the role that marketing plays, in these decisions. The definition of marketing is â€Å"The manag ement process which identifies anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably. † Adrian Palmer 2004 Personality noun (plural personalities)The coon of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character: – Oxford Dictionary 2012 ENTJ Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organisational problems. Enjoy long-term planning and goal setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding their knowledge and passing it on to others. Forceful in presenting their ideas. – Introduction to Type, Sixth Edition by Isabel Briggs-Myers 1998 2. 0 Question 1Q. Give an overview of how the buying decision-making process might work for purchasing an alcoholic drink in a pub or club. How would this differ when purchasing alcohol in a supermarket or off licence? A. The Theory To answer this question we first need to look at the theories in marketing associated to the buying process, influences and behaviours. Diagram 2. 0 is the structure of the buying process based on the â€Å"Cognitive Paradigm† theory (Pickton and Broderick 2001) which focuses on the individuals thought process, during a buying decision.It assumes that the buying decision is approached as a problem solving activity and that the consumer is being rational throughout the process. It is widely used as the default theory by marketers and sales professionals when structuring campaigns. It does not however accurately describe the process that occurs during extreme impulse or irrational purchases, which are both, almost intangible processes. For the purpose of this exercise, we will assume that the responsible purchase of alcohol is approached, both rationally and thoughtfully. Diagram 2. 0 – The Buying Process. Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Step 1 of the process is the â€Å"P roblem Recognition†. This is the identification of a need, such as â€Å"I am hungry, therefore I need to eat†. It can however be very complex and the consumer may require education or informing before recognising a problem exists, such as a dentist telling you, you need a filling, even though you hadn’t felt any pain in that tooth. Marketers can exploit this step by feeding information to consumers for goods and services, they hadn’t realised they needed. Step 2 of the process is the â€Å"Information Search†.This is when an individual has identified a need but may need to research to find the right solution. For example, if a student identifies a need for a computer, but has a limited budget, he or she might research information to identify the best option for the budget they have. This step can skipped if the consumer has enough knowledge, regarding the possible solutions. Step 3 of the process is â€Å"Evaluation†. This is when more than one option is available to solve the identified need, and the consumer wants to experience these before purchasing. An example would be someone test driving multiple cars before purchasing one.Effectively they will all satisfy the same need, but the consumer wants to know what the experience is, before making the decision. This step can skipped if the consumer has previous experience or is happy with a certain product or service beforehand. Step 4 of the process is â€Å"Decision†. This is simply the final choose for a solution to the identified need, after weighing up all options. Again, a consumer can move directly to this step from â€Å"Problem Recognition† if enough prior knowledge exists. Step 5 of the process is â€Å"Purchase†. This is when the decision is executed and the goods or services are acquired.Step 6 of the process is â€Å"Post-Purchase Evaluation†. This is when you access you satisfaction with your product or service after you have acq uired it. If a great experience is had, it will lead to a higher likelihood that you will purchase that product or service again. Applying the theory Table 2. 0 is an application of the above theory, for an individual going through the buying process at both a club and supermarket. Buying Process Step| Nightclub or Pub| Supermarket| Problem Recognition| * A want to let loose. * A need for confidence. * A desire to fit in or stand-out. An aspiration to impress. | * Alcohol for cooking. * Thoughts of a night in. * A desire to relax and unwind. * Drinks for guests and friends. * Cheap drinks before going out. | Information Search| * Advertisement around the club. * Bottles behind the bar. * Drink & cocktail menus. * What others are drinking. * Peer and/or social pressure. | * The label on the bottle. * Prices and special offers. * Staff knowledge. | Evaluation| * Tasting a friends drink. * Design of the bottle. * Recognition of a brand. | * Description on label. * Design and quality of bottle. Alcohol percentage. * Brand recognition. | Decision| * Information processed and decision made. | * Information processed and decision made. | Purchase| * Majority of exchanges in cash. | * Majority of exchanges by credit card. | Post-Purchase Evaluation| * Did that get me drunk? * Did I like the taste? * Do I want another one? * Did it give me a hangover? | * Did I like the taste? * Was it good value? * Will I buy it again? * Did it get me to the desired level of drunkenness? | Table 2. 0 – The Buying Process of Alcohol in Different Environments.What this application of theory shows, is that there are different factors in play when buying alcohol in a club or pub compared to a supermarket, but the process remains the same. These factors are different mostly due to the environment, information availability, the individual’s intent and marketing strategies. If selling a drink in a club or pub it is more important for your drink to be seen as â€Å"cool† socially and price is less of a factor whereas if selling in a supermarket, your drink needs to be competitively priced yet still demonstrate a level of quality. 3. 0 Question 2 Q.Detail the individual and group influences that are likely to affect someone’s choice of drink brand? A. The Theory Diagram 3. 0 demonstrates the individual and group influencing factors when making a buying decision. Diagram 2. 1 – Factors affecting buying decisions. (Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Our strongest influences when making a buying decision are our internal beliefs and values. These include Attitude, Perception, Learning, Memory and Motivation. The next in terms of influencing power are Primary Groups. Primary groups are made up of close friends, family and people who you respect.You are affected by these groups by the opinions and values they hold. The next group in terms of influencing power is the Secondary Group. This group is made up of people you know but not closely, or people who you may aspire to be like. Lastly there are influences depending on your Culture, Race or Religion, that will affect your decision when buying something. There are also External factors that include things that are beyond your control, such as Fashion, Law, Time ect. So how do these factors affect someone when buying an alcoholic drink?Well if I was out with my family, I would be unlikely to order shots, as they would not approve, whereas if I was out with close friends, then this would be the opposite. The secondary group has the same effect, but is less powerful in its influence. 4. 0 Question 3 Q. Explain the roles of the various marketing activities described in this case in influencing consumer behaviour. A. In 2000 Bacardi spent ? 14m on a campaign to promote their brand â€Å"Bacardi Breezer†. The reason to do this is to influence people decisions when making a buying decision. Bacardi’s first large campaign was in 1999 when they spent ? 5. 6m.The campaign was headlined with the slogan â€Å"there’s Latin spirit in everyone† aimed at the 18-24 year old market. This campaign was created to give the brand an exotic, cool to be seen drinking appeal and was aimed at the demographic that would most likely be drinking in an environment where these factors we important in their buying decision. This campaign established Bacardi Breezer as one of the major players in the alco-pop industry. Bibliography * John Martin, 2010. Organizational Behaviour & Management. 4th Revised edition Edition. South Western Educational Publishing. * John Martin, 2004. Organizational Behaviour And Management. Edition. Thomson Learning. * Laurie J. Mullins, 2006. Essentials of Management and Organisational Behaviour. Edition. FT Press. * Isabel Briggs Myers, 1998. Introduction to Type: A Guide to Understanding Your Results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 6th Edition. Center for Applications of. * Adrian Furnham, 2008. Pe rsonality and Intelligence at Work: Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work. 1 Edition. Routledge. * Stephen P. Robins, 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 1 Edition. Pearson Books. * John Ivancevich, 2010. Organizational Behavior and Management. 9 Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

The Dare

My head begins to ache as I lie back thinking about how I got here, the lumps in this uncomfortable bed dig into my back. I wonder how I can possibly manage to think with these various machines that bleep continuously and kindly faces that keep coming to check my temperature and whatever else they need. They keep asking â€Å"Are you alright, duck?† I mean seriously, do I look like I'm alright? I'm covered in cuts and bruises and from what I've heard the doctors telling my anxious parents they are not going to be able to reattach my severed leg to the chaos of tangled nerves and muscle in the bloody stump just above my left knee. I begin to rock slowly back and forwards in silent reaction to the ache radiating from my stump and the memory of that night comes slowly back to me. ***** It was a fairly inconsequential day in the middle of the long, lingering summer holidays when the accident happened; we were all really bored and could not think of anything remotely interesting to do that we hadn't done at least a hundred times already, finally after about an hour of turning down bad ideas and sitting thinking in a frustrating silence for something that wouldn't be sneered at, someone suggested we play dares. Everyone appeared to be pleased with that idea so that is what we decided to do, but even then I had my doubts because I knew what my friends where like and I don't want to sound boring but I didn't particularly want to put me or others in danger with the kind of dares I knew my friends would come up with. It started off fairly innocently with people being dared to do silly little childish things like knocking on people's doors and running away, flashing your bum out of the window and a range of others like that, you know the sort. Until someone, no doubt thinking they were being grown up and funny, dared Georgia to jump off the balcony. She was obviously smarter than we gave her credit for because she refused blankly, saying that it was dangerous and we'd get ourselves killed, but we all ignored her and told her that if she didn't like what we were doing to shut up and go away. Looking back I wish I had taken her advice and left with her. Anyway our group began to run out of ideas so we decided to walk around looking for inspiration for the next dare which would be mine. We ambled around the nearby areas and came across a bridge over a road that was busy in the rush hour but mostly unused by cars at night and Laura squealed the fatal words â€Å"I've thought of an amazing dare†. My stomach turned as the rest of the group discussed the details of my dare and a little voice in my head repeated Georgia's warning from earlier â€Å"You're going to get yourselves killed†. I know what your thinking, voices in my head I must be clinically insane, but it must have been my conscience or something like that. Whatever it was I should have taken more notice. My friends told me after about five minutes of deciding, what my dare would entail; I was to jump off the bridge when it got dark and in the small likelihood of a vehicle passing under it I was to try and avoid being hit. To them it all seemed so simple; someone would stand underneath to tell me when the road was clear and then I would jump, but the nagging voice in my brain wouldn't cease. Yet I didn't want to voice my concerns and appear a coward, so I just nodded and arranged to meet them there later. I don't know how I managed to talk myself into turning up at the bridge that night or how I forced my self to laugh as I looked down from the ledge I was standing on and prepared to jump but somehow I did. My legs shook as I waited for the signal to jump. I tried to ignore the voice echoing in my brain, but I couldn't back down now. My pride wouldn't let me. My friend called up to me â€Å"It's all clear now. Jump† so I closed my eyes, held my breath and leapt off the ledge. I felt myself falling quickly like a stone for what seemed like ages. I opened my eyes and screamed. Blurred colours flashed past me. Coming towards me I saw a blinding, bright light steadily speeding towards me. The sound of an engine reached my ears. My heart raced as I saw in slow motion what was going to happen to me. It came closer and closer not slowing. â€Å"Can't they see me, can't they stop?† I thought, â€Å"If they don't slow down they're going to hit me†. My life flashed before my eyes and my heart pounded like a thousand drums. The last thing I thought before I felt myself finally hit something was; â€Å"Oh my god I'm going to die† I came around and I was almost blinded by the bright lights that surrounded me and was vaguely aware of what sounded like people screaming. As my eyes slowly came into focus I looked around me and my so called ‘friends' were nowhere to be seen†¦. I suddenly felt an excruciating pain coming from my left thigh. I stared dazed for a moment at the torrent of blood gushing from my leg and the distorted mess ten feet away that used to be the other part of it. I went into shock and passed out. Hours later I awoke in the hospital with my worried family beside me and the doctors filled me in on what had happened; as I had jumped from the bridge a car had been heading towards me from underneath it. Just before I hit the road I bounced off the bonnet of the car and which couldn't stop in time and ran over me causing my leg to get caught up in the wheel of the car and dragged along the road, which caused the bone to snap and break away from my body leaving me lying bleeding on the road behind it. When the ambulances arrived there had been no sign of my ‘friends'. ***** So that's where I am now, sitting in my hospital bed and contemplating what would have happened if I had just listened to myself and not let my pride take over. But that's what happens when you take on stupid dares.

Free Essays on Native Mythology Vs. Bible Mythology

Native Mythology Vs. Bible Mythology (An Essay On The Difference And Similarities Between ‘’The World And The Turtle Back’‘ And The Book Of Genesis) Have you ever thought about how humans explained how life began? Stories are a way to explain everyday occurrences. In two creation stories† The Turtle On The World’s Back† and the book of Genesis, there are many similarities and differences. In both of the creation stories the tree was an important part of the stories. There was also a heavy undertone of good and evil in each of the stories .Generally speaking creation stories have similar yet different explanations of how the human race and earth began. Inside † The Turtle On The World’s Back† there are certain objects that have meaning and symbolize importance to the native Americans .Specifically the sacred tree was a symbol. The sacred tree symbolized the pureness of humans. The sacred tree had delicious ripe fruits andm flowers and was never to be touched or mutilated. While the tree in the creation myth was important ,there was an equally important symbol :the two identical siamese twins. Consequently in these creation stories there are undertones of good vs. evil. In this myth the twins were great creators , but there was a catch. The left handed twin symbolized evil and stubbornness of man and the right twin was the complete opposite .The right handed twin symbolized the kindness and patience of mankind. Since the left handed twin was pure evil, the twin actually had killed his own mother , because of his stubbornness .The twins are the way native Americans explained the good and evil of mankind. Also, there is a bit of controversy regarding who was made first. In traditional creation stories man was made first. However, in this creation story animals created earth and made woman first. In native American culture women are treated respectfully and with great honor. They uphold a ce... Free Essays on Native Mythology Vs. Bible Mythology Free Essays on Native Mythology Vs. Bible Mythology Native Mythology Vs. Bible Mythology (An Essay On The Difference And Similarities Between ‘’The World And The Turtle Back’‘ And The Book Of Genesis) Have you ever thought about how humans explained how life began? Stories are a way to explain everyday occurrences. In two creation stories† The Turtle On The World’s Back† and the book of Genesis, there are many similarities and differences. In both of the creation stories the tree was an important part of the stories. There was also a heavy undertone of good and evil in each of the stories .Generally speaking creation stories have similar yet different explanations of how the human race and earth began. Inside † The Turtle On The World’s Back† there are certain objects that have meaning and symbolize importance to the native Americans .Specifically the sacred tree was a symbol. The sacred tree symbolized the pureness of humans. The sacred tree had delicious ripe fruits andm flowers and was never to be touched or mutilated. While the tree in the creation myth was important ,there was an equally important symbol :the two identical siamese twins. Consequently in these creation stories there are undertones of good vs. evil. In this myth the twins were great creators , but there was a catch. The left handed twin symbolized evil and stubbornness of man and the right twin was the complete opposite .The right handed twin symbolized the kindness and patience of mankind. Since the left handed twin was pure evil, the twin actually had killed his own mother , because of his stubbornness .The twins are the way native Americans explained the good and evil of mankind. Also, there is a bit of controversy regarding who was made first. In traditional creation stories man was made first. However, in this creation story animals created earth and made woman first. In native American culture women are treated respectfully and with great honor. They uphold a ce...

Can Hydrofluoric Acid Disintegrate Bone

Can Hydrofluoric Acid Disintegrate Bone The intriguing pilot of AMCs drama Breaking Bad keeps you tuned in for the second episode, to see what the protagonist, a chemistry teacher named Walt, was going to do. Is it going out on a limb to suspect that most chemistry teachers dont keep big jugs of hydrofluoric acid in their labs? Walt apparently keeps plenty on hand, and use some to aid in disposing of a body. He told his partner-in-crime, Jesse, to use a plastic bin for dissolving the body, but didnt tell him why. When Jesse puts the dead Emilio in a bathtub and adds the acid, he proceeds to dissolve the body, as well as the tub, the floor supporting the tub, and the floor below that. Hydrofluoric acid is corrosive stuff. Hydrofluoric acid attacks the silicon oxide in most types of glass. It also dissolves many metals (not nickel or its alloys, gold, platinum, or silver), and most plastics. Fluorocarbons such as Teflon (TFE and FEP), chlorosulfonated polyethylene, natural rubber, and neoprene all are resistant to hydrofluoric acid. This acid is so corrosive because its fluorine ion is highly reactive. Even so, it is not a strong acid because it does not completely dissociate in water. Dissolving a Body  in Lye Its surprising Walt settled on hydrofluoric acid for his body disposal plan, when the notorious method for dissolving flesh is using a base rather than an acid. A mixture of sodium hydroxide (lye) with water can be used to liquefy dead animals such as farm animals or roadkill (this can obviously also include homicide victims). If the lye mixture is heated to boiling, tissue can be dissolved in a matter of hours. The carcass is reduced to a brownish sludge, leaving only brittle bones. Lye is used to remove clogs in drains, so it could have been poured into a bathtub and rinsed away, plus it is much more readily available than hydrofluoric acid. Another option would have been the potassium form of lye, potassium hydroxide. The fumes from reacting large quantities of either hydrofluoric acid or a hydroxide would have been overwhelming to our buddies from Breaking Bad. People who dissolve bodies in their homes this way would likely become dead bodies themselves. Why the Strongest Acid Wouldnt Work You may be thinking the best way to rid yourself of a corpse is to use the strongest acid you can find. This is because we generally equate strong with corrosive.  However, the measure of an acids strength is its ability to donate protons. The very strongest acids in the world do this without being corrosive. The carborane superacids are over a million times stronger than concentrated sulfuric acid, yet they dont attack human or animal tissue.

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Gun control - Essay Example Arguments against gun control include the assumption that possession of a gun would offer protection through self-defense, defense of another, or through scaring an attacker who has a gun. Arguments for gun control however notes that limiting access to guns through regulatory measures is the solution to safety against gun based violence. Your arguments against gun control as a measure to controlling gun-based violence is convincing but has attracted my attention on a number of issues that I believe may not be very true. You offer a rich background of the problem through historical cases of gun based attacks such as the Aurora and Columbine shootings and the battle between proponents and opponents of gun control and this seems to have informed your position of anti-gun control as a solution to controlling gun based violence. I concur with you that the violence is a concern and preventive measures are necessary. Your position that increased level of infiltration may help in managing the rate of violence may further be valid and should not be regarded unless there is sufficient evidence to prove otherwise. I further believe that your conscience to the position of increasing infiltration levels as a solution to gun-based violence is clear and I respect your opinion and desire to save people from gun based attacks (Goldberg 68- 78). Your argument identifies with my opinion that gun based violence is a significant problem in the society and reported cases of public shootings and crimes that are committed with aids of guns supports this. We further share the opinion that a solution that focuses on gun ownership will be the ideal approach to resolving the current problem. The fact that previous efforts to ensure strict policies against gun ownership, experience of people who were affected by Aurora gun incident and reaction from political